Ngokwezibalo ze-China Customs, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuZibandlela wezi-2022, izingubo zezwe lami (kuhlanganise nezimpahla zokugqoka, okufanayo ngezansi) zithumele isamba samadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-175.43, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngo-3.2%.Ngaphansi kwesimo esiyinkimbinkimbi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya lesisekelo esiphezulu sangonyaka odlule, akulula ukuthi izingubo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zigcine ukukhula okuthile ngo-2022. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule yalolu bhubhane, ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla zezwe lami kuye kwabuyisela emuva umkhuba wokwehla unyaka nonyaka selokhu kwafinyelela inani eliphakeme lamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-186.28 ngo-2014. Izinga lokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ngo-2022 lizokhuphuka cishe ngo-20% uma liqhathaniswa nowezi-2019 ngaphambi kwalolu bhubhane, oluwubonisa ngokugcwele umthelela ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla emhlabeni wonke kusukela kwaqubuka.Ngaphansi kwezimo zokushaqeka kanye nokungalingani phakathi kokunikezwa kanye nesidingo emakethe, imboni yezingubo zaseChina inezici zokuqina okukhulu, amandla okwanele kanye nokuncintisana okuqinile.
Uma ubheka isimo sokuthekelisa enyangeni ngayinye ngo-2022, kukhombisa umkhuba wokukhuphuka kuqala bese uphansi.Ngaphandle kokwehla kokuthekelisa ngoFebhuwari ngenxa yomthelela woMkhosi Wasentwasahlobo, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenyanga ngayinye kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-August kugcine ukukhula, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngenyanga ngayinye kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuZibandlela kubonise ukwehla.Ngenyanga kaZibandlela, ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka kwamanye amazwe bekungama-US$14.29 billion, ukwehla konyaka nonyaka ngo-10.1%.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwehla ngo-16.8% ngo-Okthoba no-14.5% ngoNovemba, ukuthambekela kokwehla kuyehla.Ezingxenyeni ezine zonyaka wezi-2022, izimpahla zezwe lami ezithunyelwa ngaphandle bezingu-7.4%, 16.1%, 6.3% kanye -13.8% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana.ukwanda.
Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla ezingabandi nangaphandle kwanda ngokushesha
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezemidlalo, izingubo zangaphandle nezingangenisi amakhaza kwagcina ukukhula ngokushesha.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuZibandlela, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amahembe, amajazi/izingubo ezibandayo, izikhafu/othayi/amaduku kukhuphuke ngo-26.2%, 20.1% no-22% ngokulandelana.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezingubo zemidlalo, izingubo zokugqoka, izikibha, amajezi, ama-hosiery namagilavu kukhuphuke cishe ngo-10%.Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwamasudi/amasudi avamile, amabhulukwe namakhosethi kukhuphuke ngaphansi kuka-5%.Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zangaphansi/amaphijama nezimpahla zezingane kwehle kancane ngo-2.6% kanye no-2.2%.
NgoZibandlela, ngaphandle kokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezikhafu/othayi/amaduku, okukhuphuke ngo-21.4%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwezinye izigaba kwehlile.Ukuthunyelwa kwezimpahla zezingane, izingubo zangaphansi/amaphijama kwehle cishe ngamaphesenti angama-20, kanti ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe amabhulukwe, izingubo zokugqoka, namajezi kwehle ngaphezu kuka-10%.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-ASEAN kukhuphuke kakhulu
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuZibandlela, ukuthunyelwa kweChina e-United States naseJapan bekungamadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-38.32 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-14.62 ngokulandelana, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngo-3% no-0.3% ngokulandelana, kanye nezimpahla ezithunyelwa e-EU nase-ASEAN. Amadola ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-33.33 kanye namaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-17.07, ngokulandelana, ukwanda konyaka ngo-3.1%, 25%.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuZibandlela, ukuthunyelwa kwe-China ezimakethe ezintathu zendabuko zokuthekelisa zase-United States, i-European Union, kanye ne-Japan kwenza isamba semali engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-86.27, ukwehla konyaka ngonyaka ngo-0.2%, okubalelwa ku-49.2% wesamba sempahla yezwe lami, ukwehla ngamaphesenti angu-1.8 kusukela esikhathini esifanayo ngo-2022. Imakethe ye-ASEAN ibonise amandla amakhulu okuthuthuka.Ngaphansi komphumela omuhle wokuqaliswa okusebenzayo kwe-RCEP, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe ku-ASEAN kubalele u-9.7% wesamba sokuthunyelwa ngaphandle, okukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-1.7 ngesikhathi esifanayo ngo-2022.
Mayelana nezimakethe ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuZibandlela, ukuthunyelwa kwe-Latin America kukhuphuke ngo-17.6%, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Afrika kwehle ngo-8.6%, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni agudle “Ibhande Nomgwaqo” kukhuphuke ngo-13.4%, nokuthunyelwa emazweni angamalungu e-RCEP. zinyuke ngo-10.9%.Ngokombono wezimakethe ezinkulu zezwe elilodwa, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-Kyrgyzstan kukhuphuke ngo-71%, ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe eNingizimu Korea nase-Australia kukhuphuke ngo-5% kanye no-15.2% ngokulandelana;ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-United Kingdom, eRussia naseCanada kwehle ngo-12.5%, 19.2% no-16.1% ngokulandelana.
NgoDisemba, ukuthunyelwa kwezimakethe ezinkulu konke kwehlile.Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-US kwehle ngo-23.3%, okuyinyanga yesihlanu ilandelana yokwehla.Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-EU kwehle ngo-30.2%, okuyinyanga yesine ilandelana yokwehla.Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla eJapan kwehle ngo-5.5%, okuyinyanga yesibili elandelanayo yokwehla.Ukuthunyelwa kwempahla e-ASEAN kwahlehlisa ukwehla kwenyanga edlule futhi kwanda ngo-24.1%, phakathi kwalokho ukuthunyelwa kwe-Vietnam kukhuphuke ngo-456.8%.
Isabelo semakethe esizinzile e-EU
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba, iShayina ibize u-23.4%, 30.5%, 55.1%, 26.9%, 31.8%, 33.1% kanye no-61.2% wesabelo semakethe yokungenisa izingubo e-United States, European Union, Japan, United Kingdom, Canada. , INingizimu Korea ne-Australia, lapho i-United States Amasheya emakethe e-EU, Japan, naseCanada ehle ngamaphuzu angu-4.6, 0.6, 1.4, kanye namaphesenti angu-4.1 unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana, kanye namasheya emakethe e-United Kingdom, INingizimu Korea, ne-Australia inyuke ngamaphuzu angu-4.2, 0.2, namaphesenti angu-0.4 unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana.
Isimo semakethe yamazwe ngamazwe
Ukungenisa okuvela ezimakethe ezinkulu kwehle kakhulu ngoNovemba
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2022, phakathi kwezimakethe ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, i-United States, i-European Union, i-Japan, i-United Kingdom, i-Canada, i-South Korea, ne-Australia zonke zizuze ukukhula kwezimpahla zokugqoka ezivela kwamanye amazwe, ngokunyuka konyaka ngo-11.3%. , 14.1%, 3.9%, 1.7%, 14.6%, no-15.8% ngokulandelana.% kanye no-15.9%.
Ngenxa yokwehla okukhulu kwe-Euro kanye neYen yaseJapan uma iqhathaniswa nedola laseMelika, izinga lokukhula kokuthengwa kwempahla evela e-EU naseJapan lehla ngamadola aseMelika.Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba, ukuthengwa kwezimpahla ze-EU kukhuphuke ngo-29.2% ngokwemibandela ye-euro, ephakeme kakhulu kunokwenyuka okungu-14.1% kwemigomo yedola laseMelika.Izimpahla zokugqoka zaseJapan zikhule ngo-3.9% kuphela ngamadola aseMelika, kodwa zenyuka ngo-22.6% ngeyen yaseJapan.
Ngemuva kokukhula okusheshayo kwe-16.6% kumakota amathathu okuqala ka-2022, ukuthengiswa kwe-US kwehle ngo-4.7% kanye no-17.3% ngo-Okthoba noNovemba ngokulandelanayo.Izimpahla zezimpahla zokugqoka ze-EU ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-10 zika-2022 zigcine ukukhula okuhle, nokwenyuka okungama-17.1%.NgoNovemba, ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla ze-EU kubonise ukwehla okukhulu, phansi ngo-12.6% unyaka nonyaka.Ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla zaseJapan kusuka ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba 2022 kugcine ukukhula okuhle, kwathi ngoNovemba, izingubo ezivela kwamanye amazwe zehla futhi, ngehla ngo-2%.
Ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe okuvela eVietnam nase-Bangladesh kuyakhuphuka
Ngo-2022, amandla okukhiqiza asekhaya aseVietnam, Bangladesh kanye nezinye izimpahla ezinkulu ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zizolulama futhi zande ngokushesha, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kuzobonisa inkambiso yokukhula ngokushesha.Ngokombono wempahla ethengwayo evela ezimakethe ezinkulu zamazwe ngamazwe, kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuLwezi, izimakethe ezinkulu zomhlaba zathenga izimpahla zokugqoka eziyizigidigidi ezingama-US$35.78 zivela eVietnam, okuwukukhula konyaka ngonyaka ngama-24.4%.11.7%, 13.1% kanye 49.8%.Izimakethe ezinkulu zomhlaba zithenge izimpahla zokugqoka eziyizigidigidi ezingama-US $42.49 zivela eBangladesh, okuwukukhula konyaka ngo-36.9%.I-EU, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, kanye ne-Canada ethengwayo evela e-Bangladesh inyuke ngo-37%, 42.2%, 48.9% kanye no-39.6% unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana.Ukuthengwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka ezivela eCambodia nasePakistan ezimakethe ezinkulu zomhlaba kukhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-20, kanti izimpahla ezivela eMyanmar zikhuphuke ngo-55.1%.
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba, amasheya emakethe yaseVietnam, Bangladesh, Indonesia naseNdiya e-United States akhuphuke ngamaphuzu angu-2.2, 1.9, 1 kanye no-1.1 unyaka nonyaka ngokulandelana;isabelo semakethe sase-Bangladesh e-EU sikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angu-3.5 unyaka nonyaka;1.4 kanye namaphesenti angu-1.5 amaphuzu.
2023 i-Trend Outlook
Umnotho womhlaba uyaqhubeka nokuba ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi ukukhula kwehla kancane
I-IMF ithe ngoJanuwari 2023 iWorld Economic Outlook ukuthi ukukhula kwezwe kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kusuka ku-3.4% ngo-2022 kuya ku-2.9% ngo-2023, ngaphambi kokuthi kukhuphuke kuye ku-3.1% ngo-2024. I-World Economic Outlook, kodwa ngaphansi kwesilinganiso somlando (2000-2019) sika-3.8%.Lo mbiko ubikezela ukuthi i-GDP yase-United States izokhula ngo-1.4% ngo-2023, futhi indawo ye-euro izokhula ngo-0.7%, kuyilapho i-United Kingdom iyizwe kuphela phakathi kwezomnotho ezinkulu ezithuthukisiwe ezizokwehla, ngokuncipha kwesibikezelo se-0.6 %.Umbiko uphinde ubikezele ukuthi ukukhula komnotho waseShayina ngo-2023 nango-2024 kuzoba ngama-5.2% kanye nama-4.5% ngokulandelana;Ukukhula komnotho wase-India ngo-2023 nango-2024 kuzoba ngu-6.1% no-6.8% ngokulandelana.Ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kudambise ukukhula kweChina ngo-2022, kodwa ukuvulwa kabusha kwakamuva kuvule indlela yokululama ngokushesha kunalokho obekulindelwe.Ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni jikelele kulindeleke ukuthi kwehle kusuka ku-8.8% ngo-2022 kuya ku-6.6% ngo-2023 kanye no-4.3% ngo-2024, kodwa kusalokhu kungaphezu kwezinga langaphambi kobhubhane (2017-2019) cishe u-3.5%.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-24-2023