Umthombo: I-Financial Times nguZhao Meng
Muva nje, i-CiIE yesine ifinyelele esiphethweni esiphumelelayo, iphinde yethula ikhadi lombiko elihlaba umxhwele emhlabeni. Ngonyaka owodwa, i-CIIE yalo nyaka inemali engenayo ehlanganisiwe engama-US $70.72 billion.
Ukuze kusebenzele ababukisi nabathengi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, izikhungo zamabhange ziyaqhubeka nokucebisa nokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zemikhiqizo yezezimali emingceleni, futhi zidale izinsizakalo zezimali ezihlanganisiwe ezimingceleni ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-CIIE ayigcinanga nje ngokuba yindawo yokubonisa impahla yasekhaya neyakwamanye amazwe, kodwa futhi “ifasitela lokubonisa” lokujulisa nokusungula izinsizakalo zezimali ezimingceleni zezikhungo zamabhange.
Ezinyangeni zokuqala eziyi-10 zalo nyaka, inani lokungeniswa kanye nokuthunyelwa kwempahla eShayina likhuphuke ngamaphesenti angama-31.9 unyaka nonyaka, ngokusho kwedatha evela ku-General Administration of Customs. Kungabonakala ukuthi ngokujula kokuvulwa kwezinga eliphezulu laseShayina kanye nokukhula okuqhubekayo kokuhwebelana kwamazwe ngamazwe, ibhizinisi lezezimali eliwela imingcele yemboni yamabhange selingene emzileni osheshayo wentuthuko. Izinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele ezimelelwa “yi-one-stop”, “ku-inthanethi” kanye “ne-straight-through” ziya ngokuya zifinyeleleka futhi kulula ukuzisebenzisa.
“Izimali eziwela imingcele, ezihlose ukukhonza izinga eliphezulu lokuvula amathuba, ngokuqinisekile zizokwamukela indawo ebanzi yentuthuko kanye namathemba.” Engxoxweni ne-Financial Times, uZheng Chenyang, umfundi we-postdoctoral e-Bank of China Research Institute, uthe amabhange ezentengiselwano adinga ukuqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele njengoba ukuhweba komhlaba wonke kubeka izidingo eziphezulu ezinsizakalweni zezimali eziwela imingcele.
Ukusungula umkhiqizo kuyinto ephawulekayo futhi enembile ngokwanele
Intatheli ithole ukuthi kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zemikhiqizo yokuhlukanisa izimali ewela imingcele, kodwa zonke zihlukile komunye nomunye. Zonke zihlanganiswe ezinsizeni ezintathu eziyisisekelo "zokushintshana", "ukushintshana" kanye "nokuxhasa ngezimali". Ku-CIIE yalo nyaka, amabhange amaningi aseShayina aqalise izinhlelo zesevisi yezezimali ezikhethekile eziklanyelwe ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zangempela zamabhizinisi futhi enza izici zawo.
Fingqa okuhlangenwe nakho kwezinsizakalo zangaphambilini eziphindwe kathathu kulo mbukiso, ibhange lokungenisa impahla kwamanye amazwe kulo nyaka lizohlela ukuthuthukela kunguqulo 4.0, ebizwa ngokuthi “i-Yi Hui global”, liqokomisa “ukulula” okune, okungukuthi “kulula, kulula ukujabulela, kulula ukudala, kulula ukuligisana”, lifaka kabanzi ukujula kwemikhiqizo nezinsizakalo zezimali zokungenisa indawo, njengesisekelo sendlela yokuhweba yensimu yokuhweba yangaphandle “iphuzu, umugqa, ubuso” uhlelo lokusekela olunezinhlangothi eziningi, Lufaneleka kakhulu izidingo ezahlukahlukene nezenziwe ngezifiso zamabhizinisi ahlukahlukene.
Izinsizakalo ezinjalo zezimali ziye zabonakala zidingeka kakhulu ngamabhizinisi. Ngokusho kwemibiko, ngokuthembela ohlelweni olukhethekile lwezinsizakalo zezimali lwe-"Jinborong 2020" olukhishwe kwi-CiIE yesithathu, iBhange Lokuthumela Ngaphandle Nelokungenisa laseShayina lisekele amabhizinisi acishe abe ngu-2,000 anamakhasimende angaphezu kuka-300, anebhalansi yebhizinisi ecishe ibe yi-yuan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-140, ehilela amazwe nezifunda ezingaphezu kuka-40 njengeSingapore neMalaysia, okuqhuba ama-yuan angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-570 okungeniswa nokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe.
I-Shanghai Pudong Development Bank izohlanganisa ubuchwepheshe bedijithali, obuluhlaza kanye nobuncane bekhabhoni, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe ohlelweni lwezinsizakalo zezezimali ze-ciIE. Ngenxa yezidingo zokuthengwa kwe-CiIF, sizothuthukisa umsebenzi wezinsizakalo zokuhweba eziku-inthanethi. Sizovula izincwadi zesikweletu zokungenisa ngebhange eliku-inthanethi, ngaphandle kokuthumela izinto zesicelo sephepha ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, futhi singazi inqubekela phambili yebhizinisi ngesikhathi sangempela, okuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle.
IBhange laseShayina ligxile ekuhlanganisweni okujulile kokwakhiwa kwezigcawu eziwela imingcele, ezemfundo, ezemidlalo nezesiliva nezinsizakalo ze-ciIE, lihlanganisa izinsiza zokwakha izigcawu zemvelo ezinendawo eyodwa, futhi lidala imodeli "yezezimali + yesigcawu" "yokufinyelela endaweni eyodwa kanye nokusabela okubanzi" ne-ciIE njengesisekelo, lidala indlela entsha yezinsizakalo zezimali zemvelo.
Ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kwezimali eziwela imingcele kusheshisiwe
"Ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wokuthumela imali ngaphesheya kwemingcele we-GUANGfa Bank ngokusebenzisa 'ifasitela elilodwa' lokuhweba kwamanye amazwe, ungathola ulwazi lwezintela kanye nolwazi lwangemuva lokuhweba ngokuchofoza okukodwa, okuqeda inqubo yokuphatha ibhizinisi ekhathazayo futhi kwenza ukuthumela imali kusebenze kahle. Ukuthengiselana kokuqala esikwenzile, kusukela ekuthunyelweni kuya ekubuyekezweni kwebhange kuya enkokhelweni yokugcina, akuthathi isikhathi esingaphezu kwesigamu sehora." kusho utshalomali lwezokwakha lwaseShayina (Guangdong) international trade Co., LTD., kusho.
Kubikwa ukuthi, ngo-Agasti kulo nyaka, ibhange lokuthuthukiswa kwe-guangdong kanye ne-General Administration of Customs (ihhovisi likazwelonke lokuphathwa kwamachweba) basayine isivumelwano sokukhuthaza ngokubambisana "ifasitela elilodwa" lezimali zokuhweba zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nomshuwalense, ukwakhiwa komsebenzi wesevisi ngezinga elikhulu ukuze kufezwe ukwabelana ngolwazi lwedatha, kwandiswe izinsizakalo zezezimali kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukungenisa nokuthumela amabhizinisi ukuze kuhlinzekwe ngezinsizakalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu nezilula, kukhuthazwe ukuvunyelwa kwentela yokuhweba.
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ngenxa yokusabalala okuqhubekayo kwalesi sifo kwamanye amazwe, amabhizinisi afanele adinga izinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele “ezingaxhumani” kanye “nezinkokhelo ezisheshayo”. Eqhutshwa ukuncintisana kontanga kanye nesidingo samakhasimende, amabhange ezentengiselwano asheshisa ukusetshenziswa kwempumelelo ye-fintech ukuze kufezwe ukuguqulwa kwedijithali kanye nentuthuko yezimali eziwela imingcele.
"Insizakalo yokukhokha ngqo ngaphesheya kwemingcele" ku-CIIE yalo nyaka idonsele ukunaka kwemakethe. Intatheli iyaqonda ukuthi ibhange "lilwa nokuhlanzwa kwemali kanye nokuxhaswa ngezimali okulwa nobuphekula, ukugwema intela", ngokusekelwe kodwa ngemiyalelo yamakhasimende ngqo yokubhekana nokukhokhelwa ngqo kwama-akhawunti okuhweba mahhala endawo nakwamanye amazwe, i-akhawunti evamile yokukhokha ye-RMB ngaphesheya kwemingcele kanye nokushintshana kwama-akhawunti okuhweba mahhala kulula, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuba amakhasimende athumele ezinye izinto, izinsizakalo ezengeziwe zokusiza.
ULiu Xingya, iphini lomqondisi weNdlunkulu yaseShanghai yeBhange Labantu laseShayina, uthe izikhungo zezimali kufanele zithuthukise izinhlelo zazo zesevisi kanye nemikhiqizo yezezimali ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zababonisi nabathengi ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, futhi zinikeze izinsizakalo zezimali eziphelele nezisezingeni eliphezulu kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ze-CIIE.
Ukwehlukahluka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sezimali esiwela imingcele
Njengamanje, amanye amabhange aseShayina ayaqhubeka nokuqinisa umthelela wawo ophambili kwezinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele. Ngokusho kombiko wesithathu wekota weBank of China, iphethe u-41.2% wesabelo semakethe ku-CIPS (uhlelo lokukhokha oluwela imingcele lwe-RMB), igcina indawo yokuqala emakethe. Inani le-RMB clearing eliwela imingcele lalingu-464 trillion yuan, okwenyuke ngo-31.69% unyaka nonyaka, okugcina inani elihamba phambili emhlabeni.
Uma ebheka ikusasa, uZheng Chenyang ukholelwa ukuthi ukulungiswa kwenqubomgomo yezomnotho omkhulu, izinguquko esakhiweni sokuhweba ngamazwe ngamazwe, ukuguqulwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sezimboni kanye nochungechunge lwezinto ezinquma indlela yokuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi lezezimali eliwela imingcele. Njengesikhungo sezezimali samabhange, kuphela ngokuqhubeka nokusebenzisa amakhono angaphakathi lapho ingathola khona amathuba ekwakhiweni kwephethini entsha yokuthuthukiswa.
“Izikhungo zamabhange kumele ziqale zisebenze ngokuqinile ngendlela ye-binary pattern entsha yentuthuko, zisebenzise ngokugcwele izimakethe ezimbili kanye nezinsizakusebenza ezimbili ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe, zibambe amathuba okujula okwengeziwe kokuvuleka kwenqubomgomo yezwe langaphandle, i-high positive yasekhaya evinjelwe ukuhweba okukhululekile, ichweba lokuhweba okukhululekile, i-fair, i-Canton fair kanye nokuhweba ngezingubo kuzohlinzeka ngokusekelwa okuqinile kwezezimali kanye nesiqinisekiso sepulatifomu entsha, Sizosebenzisa ithuba lokubambisana kwezomnotho kanye nokuhweba kwesifunda njenge-Belt and Road Initiative kanye ne-RCEP ukuze senze ngcono ukwakheka kwebhizinisi lamazwe ngamazwe futhi sijulise intuthuko yebhizinisi eliwela imingcele.” kusho uZheng Chenyang.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuqubuka kwalesi sifo kugqamise izinzuzo zomnotho wedijithali. Ukuhwebelana komhlaba wonke kuya ngokuya kuba yidijithali futhi kuhlakaniphe. Isibonelo, ukuhweba nge-inthanethi okuwela imingcele sekuyinto entsha eqhuba ukukhula kokuhweba. Ochwepheshe abaxoxisana nabo bavumile ukuthi isinyathelo esilandelayo, umkhakha wamabhange ukwandisa ukutshalwa kwezimali kwisayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa kwedatha enkulu, amabhlogo eketanga, njengobuchwepheshe bezezimali, ukugxila ekuhwebeni kwedijithali, ibhizinisi eliwela imingcele, ukuhweba oku-inthanethi nezinye izindawo ezibalulekile, izakhiwo, ipulatifomu yesevisi yezezimali eku-inthanethi kanye nendawo, ukusungula umkhiqizo wokuxhasa ngezimali ukuhweba oku-inthanethi, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-digital pratt & finance kanye ne-financial supply chain, Ukunika amandla imodeli entsha yezinsizakalo zezezimali eziwela imingcele ngokusebenzisa i-digitization.
UZheng Chenyang ugcizelele ukuthi ukuvulwa kwezezimali kanye nezinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele kudingeka kuqonde ubudlelwano phakathi kokukhushulwa okuphelele kanye nentuthuko ebalulekile. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, indawo enkulu ye-bay yase-guangdong kanye ne-hainan free trade port area ishesha yaba "ifasitela" lokuvulwa kweShayina ezweni langaphandle kungalingana nokuxhaswa kwezimali okuhambisanayo kwamabhange ayo, ukulula kokuhweba nokutshalwa kwezimali, ukwenziwa kwezinsizakalo zezimali eziwela imingcele ye-renminbi emhlabeni wonke, njengokukhushulwa kwemikhiqizo emisha, isisekelo samakhasimende esiqinile, ulwazi lwensizakalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-23-2022